Light/Breezes

Light/Breezes
SUNRISE AT DEATH VALLEY-Photo by Tom Cochrun

Monday, August 17, 2026

HARDENING OF AMERICA

THE PROPOSAL FOR THE HARDENING OF AMERICA

 

(This is the second in a series on reform of US politics and government. The Overview provides a summary. Specific Actions is more detailed and granular while highlighting categories and changes. Hardening and a New Political Ethos makes the case for significant change and new direction. The author proposes a strategy to meet both the immediate crisis and those anticipated to impact in the near term while continuing to escalate)

 

 

An Overview


         Optimizing the American future requires “hardening.” Drawn from the parlance of military, law enforcement and national security, “target hardening” makes safer, secure, prepared, and harder to damage.        

         American life and government are like those frogs in a slowly heating cauldron. The pattern is ignoring warning, normalizing the aberrant, accommodating progressive weakness, loss of efficiency and excellence, unable to deter or counter destructive forces that are coming at us with escalating power and lethality.                              

         Political culture, health, safety, and economic well-being in America require hardening so the nation is, in fact, beneficial to citizens, assuring them a life and one of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

         Global reality, trends and expectations require “surviving civilizations” to adjust in profound ways, putting emphasis and resources on preparation, response to a matrix of crises, and building facile organizational structure capable to scale response.

         Changing alliances, shifting power, value conflicts i.e. authoritarian vs democratic, climate, wealth disparity, gray zone war fare, radicalization, terrorism and political violence have degrading influence on government capability, individual lives and well-being while also destabilizing geo politics. 

         Adopting the principle of hardening as a point of advocacy and a method of government operation has benefit. A bipartisan movement can develop and frame a message, speaking to voter's perceived needs, then put it in the context of the larger imperatives and goal of hardening. 

This is a threshold moment. As things are intertwined, disruptive factors are integrating into tangles that have become super malevolent forces that political parties and structures of governance have not anticipated and are not prepared for. If there is to be another 250 years of the US, the foundation needs strengthening, aspirational principles must be fitted to meet realities the founders could not conceive and therefore did not anticipate. It is more challenging to stay in power than to arrive. Life, power, stability and freedom remain noble objectives, but maintaining them will be more like battle and different than anything our government has faced in the past. 

Episodes of devastating nature, states of war fare, resource depletion and shortage, economic disruption, human dislocation, loss of confidence in once guiding and stabilizing institutions, cultural division, technological addiction and vulnerability, political failure and the outsized influence of financial power in a collapsing system of self-government are the clarion call to make changes. The present US political system shows almost no awareness of or ability to manage these towering challenges. 

Target hardening is about survival. The hardening this nation requires is root to branch. 

There is a bravado that we live in times of disruption. The driving force of the current apex of America business and enterprise is “break things.”  Well, we have a voice. We have choices aside from willful compliance  and shoulder shrugging. We have the capacity to consider implications and to respond. We need to. 

If in our national history there are times to be smart, now is such a moment. The tools exist; data, analytics, projections, solutions. Existential problems are present and coming at us on the horizon. Survival, and survival with strength and viability demand that we do hard fact analysis, make hard choices, and act to “harden America.”  

The challenges to America are internal as well as in the machinations of external forces. As it has always been, public attention and political culture are the entry points to change and repair. We are in a kind of war, to survive the future.

 

THE CASE AGAINST THE STATUS QUO

 

It is time “level up” in political reality. “Culture war,” ideological zealotry and affectation, “virtue signaling,” get along to go along, follow the money, zero sum game, owning the opposition and such are weak and expended modalities, out of date, ineffective and inadequate. They are tired tactics and more problem than solution. 

The reality coming at us requires a better us, a better system. It is my sense that to break the cycle of diminished capacity that has left us a nation threatened by incompetence, corruption, an impotent congress, and weaking power we need to shift to an ethical, analytic based pragmatism. Hardening.

                  The summary list below is not inclusive but introduces the principle of hardening and itemizes areas of action.

 

         --Citizen needs

                  Security

                           Domestic

                           Asymmetric war / defense economics

                           Infrastructure

                           Transportation

                           Communication

                  Resources (water) (power) (food)

                           Safety

                           Adequacy

                  Stability

                           Economic capacity

                           Affordability

                                    Housing

                                    Availability

                  Medical Care 

                           Costs

                           Availability

                           Staffing

                  Safety

                         Communities

                                    Police

                                    Fire

                                    Specified building codes-geo specific

                         Food

                         Communities

 

                   Emergency Readiness and Repair

         

 

          --Governance

                  Hardening previous “custom” and “tradition” with law

                  Codify independence of DOJ

                  Supreme Court

                           Accountability and Ethics reform

                           Number of Justices

                  National Deficit/Budget Process

                  National Commissions to Investigate:

                           -Extra judicial killings

                           -DOGE impact and Legacy/Restitution

                           -Monetizing of Presidency

                                  Crypto currency and White House 

       White House public statements and investment                             

 

 

SPECIFIC ACTIONS-  A SAMPLER

                           

In paragraphs below we look at a few examples, as a preview of the manner of decisive hardening that time and reality demand of us. 

                           

         Communities in relationship to climate issues

Weather-drought, storms, and fires are larger and more devastating. Across the nation are scars, communities struggling to come back, years after floods, tornados, hurricanes and fire storms. Lives disrupted, businesses destroyed, rebuilding delayed or impossible. Regions of the nation resemble war zones and there are more each season. 

         Hardening as proactivity: These are difficult calls and will be unpopular, but they are necessary for survival. There are solutions. 

                  -No build zones:   Regions where insurance data reveal repeated flooding, wind and storm damage, repeated burn zones, earthquake and volcano zones.  Uninsurable, or insurance is limited. If people wish to remain they live at their own peril and risk. No future building and development.

                  -Building Codes and Material adjusted and required by location and geo risk, resource reclamation, suriviability.

                  

                  -Hardening means hard choices and being honest with US citizens.

         Rationale by an example:

How will Governors, mayors, public works directors, city councils and local law enforcement respond when there is inadequate water? Consider just one of thousands of water resources that are on track to fail to supply -The Colorado River.  Lake Powell and Lake Mead, the retention reservoirs are their lowest ever, with area’s that depend on the disappearing water:

         Los Angeles, San Diego, the Inland Empire, Coachella Valley, Phoenix, Tucson, Mesa, Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Los Alamos, and upstream Denver, Boulder Grand Junction and Pueblo. Population is out of balance with available resources. 

The calculation on eventual failure and shortage assures catastrophic impact. This is merely one region and one resource in a cascading crisis. Hardening is planning and acting now including  control and limiting of building and development.

 

                  Planning and Development Codes and Regulations

                  Specific building materials that provide the greatest protection as well as coding required. A mix of federal and state efforts and assistance to upgrade and retrofit  (In military hardening of sites, access, perimeter barriers and building materials are updated. In some cases adding concrete, blast proof glass, reinforced steel, all to survive.) New construction and building require a similar attention in regards to:

- use of most energy efficiency, fire resistant, quake proof, water saving/recycling systems requiring  materials and codes; 

--as examples-weather/temperature gradient roofs, solar material, geo thermal, water recycling, resource conservation and more.  

This hardening will advance living and commercial design to accommodate continued change, threats and to be sustainable and survivable. (As a side note, warming Europe is particularly problematic because ancient buildings are less amenable to hardening to nature’s change, but the example demonstrates the endemic nature of the work ahead

 

                  Food and Water Safety and Security

                  The then Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee told me “one thing that kept him awake at night” was how easy it would be sideline a military or over take a population by an act as simple as food poisoning. Weaponizing food or water is a threat that is largely ignored. 

Food and water supplies are especially in need of hardening. Often public utilities suffer deferred maintenance and are managed in variety of ways that make them susceptible to either natural or human sabotage. (Iran has already been in local water supplies in recent months.)  Where power and water systems exist  with digital or cyber operations, a national emphasis on hardening would include reducing access, in instances were there are analogue or physical ports, extra precautions need to be taken. Systems need updating and cyber hardening.  The old exterior ports and links are susceptible and need retrofit hardening. Much of our infrastructure is decades old, not defensible, and no one is working to make it better.

 

         National Security and Asymmetric war-A recent lesson 

The Ukraine defense to the Russian invasion has changed the calculus of warfare. Drones have changed the battlefield. 

The ability of the Iranian regime to remain intact and continue to defend and even gain advantage after the massive air campaign of the US and Israel has also changed the calculus. Over the last 4 decades Iranian Revolutionary Guard have planned how to survive and fight back. US policy makers failed to act wisely. Blunders in 21st Century conflict cannot be tolerated. 

We used to refer to it as low intensity conflict, guerrilla warfare, or insurgency. Asymmetric changes the calculation. 

Asymmetric is a poison word to a large portion of the American defense establishment-Pentagon procurement and defense contractors. This is where $ billions flow to  massive contracts analysts consider “pork.” This is not an argument to stop maintaining a formidable defense posture, though modernization is long overdue. Ukraine, Russia, the Houthis, the IRGC and present tactics and response demonstrate a weapon the cost of a lawnmower can inflict severe damage and even take down a missile taking up to two years to build and costing between $2-4 million. How wise is that equation? Why has such a reality been unchallenged? Successive congresses and White Houses have failed to act.

  Hardening in the US military would include evaluation of how significant resources flow to private industry to deliver systems that were designed for last centuries warfare. The last military strategist to occupy the White House warned of the military-industrial complex. That was 66 years ago. The sentries, elected lawmakers, have failed us.

 

Hardening requires a better and more agency integrated command structure. Survival demands a more intelligent national security apparatus than is presently “disserving” the nation. 

Unapproved and non-strategized criminal military actions and war fighting have permitted critical weapon supplies to dwindle.  Under Trump and Hegseth, arms have been depleted to a dangerous level. We should hope China doesn’t presume that while the Trump criminal regime is tied up with losing a war in Iran, depleting our missile supply, over extending our force profile, festering over the decorating of Washington, they don’t chose to move on Taiwan. 

 

Hardening is also a political notion. This congress fails to assert and use its constitutional power. It is here where the act of hardening motivates reform and perhaps help stimulate a new era of good government.

 

 




HARDENING AND A NEW POLTICIAL ETHOS

 

The status quo is the best argument to make the case for a profound reform in US politics.

It’s time to bring the curtain down on political grifters and the professional political class. As posted previously, the last 50 years in Washington have largely been a failure of advice and consent,  while being a gradual selling of interest to corporate and wealthy donors who “buy” the laws via financial support of politicians. Wise legislation has been achieved sparingly, but it is no longer the raison d’etre  of the legislative branch. Staying in office, enjoying the perks of the club, being in the aristocracy, appear to be priority 1 by the amount of time and effort given to raising money for campaign funds and PACs. 

 

Hardening is putting citizens first. Congressional hardening is being about the needs of the people.

 

Americans should get medical care at a better price. Smaller nations provide quality care, better even in some cases, without the gouging, extraordinary inflationary costs and obstructive insurance hassles and scams that are baked into our for profit system and that send good Doctors to the sidelines and drive citizens crazy. Hardening works here too, but corrupted old ways, old scams, old payouts and payoffs need to be legislated out. Hardening makes the focus care and medicine, not profits.

 

 

CITIZEN NEED IS A TWO-WAY PROPOSITION 

 

Are we ready for practicality and pragmatism instead of cronyism and cash flow? We have become ineffective, our government has become so ensnared in partisanship and feathering of the nest, citizen needs are rarely on the agenda. To paraphrase George Orwell “Power is not a means, it is an end. Today in Washington the object of power is power.”

And in the case of the current crime family in the Whitehouse, power is used to get rich and richer, citizens be damned. Are we better off than we were when this gang took over? They certainly are.

 

         The hardening of America that is a reset of how power and money are used. Business as normal? That brought us the poster child of America in decline, King Tangerine. 

 

         Legislative and Administrative hardening. 

         By now a thinking citizen has concluded that our two and half centuries of tradition and custom need hardening. Legislative remedies are needed to tighten or lock down customs and procedures and prevent the kind of fraud, abuse, criminal intent and just plain rank amateurism that has played out before our eyes since 45 became 47. 

 

 

         THE HARDENING OF CITIZENSHIP

         

America needs to steady itself, to harden our ideals and aspirations.

 

We all have a role to play.

-Citizens must be informed, demanding delivery, demanding changes to keep us safe, to preserve our future, to battle against climate catastrophes, to make adjustment and accommodations that prepare us to survive. 

-Citizens must harden their knowledge base. Citizens need to understand the complexity of international relations, the value of knowledge and facts and practiced at critical reasoning. 

-Citizens must care. We’ve become entirely too frivolous, consumed with non-sense, unable to argue and debate with civility. We are addicted to phones, our attention spans are shrinking, we abuse our children by turning them over to big tech hoping for the best while we watch our nation decay, move in reverse and simply refuse to do the hard work. 

Hardening will be hard work. It is a reappraisal of our American dreams and concluding that enough is enough. American workers deserve a fair wage. Schools should be good at education. Citizens should afford housing, medicine, food on the table and have dreams of a future.

         Hardening means finally reforming political campaigns, exchanging the currency of money for the worth of ideas. Campaign finance reform is a must, or it will continue  to be business as normal. We’ve come to see why our founders were worried about political parties. 

 



         Our next planned political drama will be the two-year circus of   electing a President that inherits a sky rocketing deficit created by Trump’s criminal incompetence, misfeasance and malfeasance, the destabilized power alignments brought on by stupidity, a weakened force profile, a damaged level of respect, a nation divided by intent, unknown levels of threat from mortal enemies, chaos of nature seemingly in revolt, serial climate crisis episodes, devastation by wind, water and fire, the potential of technology on the attack, mass shootings, news deserts, a distracted and decidedly less informed citizenry and a senior dominated governing class without the capacity to look forward and wildly out of touch with common sense or the common man and woman.

         

We need not live in chaos. We need not let disruption and change overwhelm us. But we must make a stand, demand a change, steel up our will and get smart. Demand smart leadership. No empty rhetoric, we need specific solutions, problem solving, pragmatic power. And all of us must be willing to pay the price, accept the changes, so we can prepare for what may be a bewildering future on this planet. We need to harden. 


See you down the trail.





Friday, July 24, 2026

"To him who has the sharpest sword."

             
            

             Planet earth languishes in a gray shade on the scale between
 potential and probable nuclear war and devastation. The fool tyrant, King Tangerine, is trying to push us all in the direction of hellfire.

            The Trump crime family greased the skids for cronies to pocket a few million dollars but the Saudi Nuke deal is Pyrrhic and promises to be a death pact. Giving Saudi Arabia, run by MSB, the capacity to build a nuclear weapon, is a leading malevolent and stupid act since humans began to shout at each other. 

            A few learned and skilled minds around the globe agree and said so and so King Tangerine, running true to form, has now invoked a qualifier, the Abrahamic accords.

In the last months we have seen Trump next to MSB wiggling, knee touching and giggling with flirty glances like a goomar in heat as the feckless duo hatched their Faustian deal. 

We’ll see how invoking the new condition will play out, but the notion of Tangerine’s willingness to start selling nuclear trinkets to the named parties in that region remains dunderhead shortsighted and malignant. The Armageddon scenario that could unravel from the deal is perhaps the single most revealing idiot moment that Trump is just too dangerous to tolerate.

            This term has been the proof that he is, as people warned, unqualified and unfit of character and would prove to be a danger to the US and the world. 

            A man who picked a war fight with a rugged and gristly enemy, and who did so with no planning, no expectations, no calculus for duration or departure, and without consent of the people, is not the stature of man that deserves support. The fact that man is Donald Trump, with everything the world knows about him and his inability to speak truth, is all the more reason he should be deposed. The people hired him, the people must now fire him.

            This is problematic of course, but in some 15 weeks the nation has a chance to change the balance in the House and Senate that could result in, finally, a successful impeachment.  I would prefer something quicker. It is not impossible. Members of Nixon’s Republican party spoke to him at another low point in US history, and he resigned. Perhaps the castratos in the Republican caucus can make a “deal” to buy him out. Maybe war criminal Bibi Netanyahu, certainly upset with the Saudi bargain, 

has a workable idea. 

            King Pyrrhus of Epirus, an ancient Greek drove his armies in the savage Battle of Asculum, where they defeated the Romans. His own army suffered such massive losses it prompted him to say “ if we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans we shall be utterly ruined.” That is how and why the term Pyrrhic or Pyrrhic Victory has come into common use. On his deathbed he was asked to whom he would he would leave his kingdom. He echoed the words of his cousin Alexander the Great

“To him who has the sharpest sword.”  

            Marco? JD? Thune? Cassidy? Tillis? Bibi?

 

See you down the trail.

 

Saturday, July 4, 2026

Independence from.....

 


    With apologies to Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson, as we reflect on 250 years of this experiment in self governance it is our right and our duty to list the long train of abuses and usurpations of Despotism and the malignant influences of empire that interfere with our right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 

    Please allow a quote "That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." 

    What has established Tyranny over these states? To prove let facts be submitted to a candid world. Let's declare the causes that impel us to a separation.

      Here is a starter list. Please add to it as you are moved.

INDEPENDENCE FROM....

Intellectual and ethical decline

Ignorance of history and government

Weaponized partisanship

Money in politics-the campaign industry

authoritarian and fascist impulses and practices

Politicized religion

Economic disparity of present proportion

Residual racism

Power of destructive equity investments

Algorithms 

Social media influencers and public ignorance

Opinions without knowledge

Failure of congress to govern by compromise and to serve the interests of all citizens

Worship of celebrity and celebrity culture

Destructive bureaucracy 

Presidential graft

Inadequate Housing

for profit medicine

unaffordable medical care

no term limits


   The Declaration we celebrate this season carried the lines,"In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people." 

    For far too long the legislative branch has failed, exceedingly! I reason we can then apply the idea of a Tyrant to congressional seniority and political "careerism" as well as those who have failed us. Court appointments have been "ideologized" and politicized. The selection of a President has been assumed by a campaign industrial complex where elections, "winning" instead of governance skill, are paramount. There is a dangerous gap between who can get elected and who is qualified and skilled to be Commander in Chief. In our lifetime we have watched a failure to meet the high minded and noble intention of the founders.

    Who is up for this? "And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor."

      See you down the trail. 




Saturday, June 20, 2026

THE PEACE, LOVE & DIRT REALITY


     If "counter cultural" sounds like the kind of reality change that appeals, then the 37th Live Oak Music festival is your ticket. 

               It's been a Father's Day weekend tradition for us for most of the last 20 years. Many of the years have been chronicled here. The mantra "Peace, Love, & Dirt" is therapeutic, as is the music, and the extraordinarily sunny disposition of the Live Oak Nation, now many generations deep.

            Emcee Joe Craven, music innovator, educator, and experimenter who's played with Jerry Garcia, Allison Brown, Stephane Grapelli, David Lindley and many others, reminded the Live Oak Nation the world could and should take a cue from the encampment on the California Central Coast.

            Live Oak is a fundraiser for public radio station KCBX and it's become something of a family tradition for many Californians.

            Kid's playing in the youth area are children of couples who met here. Some of the folks in the dancing corner were probably a little swifter 30 years ago, but they are still up.

           Here's this year's photo trip. I hope the shots take you someplace where the vibe is Peace and Love and enjoying others. 









      This could use an explanation....morning yoga.  





















        See you down the trail.   

 

Friday, May 29, 2026

Reform


The American experiment of a democratic republic has survived only because it has reformed several times.

 

It is time for this old, imperfect but necessary workhouse of governance to heal itself, if you will, rebuild, again. 

 

The system is under attack from within. The oft quoted line from Friedrich Nietzche’s Twilight of the Idols, is appropriate here, “Out of life’s school of war-what doesn’t kill me, makes me stronger.”

 

We’ve reached what should be the terminus of “professional politics.” It is time for the rise of servants. 

 

The nation is in an imbroglio. We’ve permitted it. For too long over the last two centuries we watched and gave sanction as the public service of governance morphed into the business of government. 

 

I don’t think the founders saw the running of a nation as a career path. We are divided, distracted, poorly governed, and a long way from a careful, creative, efficient national ship of state. The desires of human ego, caprice, and the power of money chasing money and influence has weakened us, perverted law, justice and our national character. 

 

The evidence is before our eyes. The ideals of the founders are stained by those without principle, bereft of honor, who fail to serve but who seek to perpetuate power for their own ends. 

 

The most miserable are thieves. The office occupied by Lincoln is now disgraced by an historically diabolical fool. The legislative branch is incapable of addressing fundamental citizen needs; as much time is spent on fund raising as doing the people’s business and it’s lost the ability to negotiate, compromise, and rise above party demands. The supreme court has been politicized and some justices have been bought. 

 

Both major parties are in disarray. The federation that had been the Republican party is captive to people who do things that are anathema to what had been the values of conservatives, libertarians, “business Republicans” and national security mavens.

Democrats remain a big tent that has become a rumble arena. They lack a unified vision, a cohesive national organization, and suffer the greatest weakness, being a minority with no big stick, no power, no influence. 

 

I see no evidence now, but a successful political movement, or party direction, should be REFORM. Reform of how government works. Reform as to how the national legislature listens to citizen’s needs, makes them priority, passes legislation addressed to voter’s well-being and interests and that are not bought by special interests, lobbyists and the big money influences who hover around the public trough like pigs in a feeding frenzy. The seasoned journalistic mantra has survived because it is true, “follow the money!”

 

It is perhaps impossible to elect and then stand up a government dedicated to serving the safety and security of citizens when the very selection process, the election, has become a money guzzling industry of its own. Campaigns are not about the heart and soul of America, they are machines designed to package and sell a product. It is imperative that Reform comes to campaigns. The greatest reform would be to limit campaign spending, funding and advertising. Advertising is not the truth, it’s a snow job. 

 

The people who are attracted to such palaver, are not the kind of people America needs in tending to our governance. The rise of the public servant, dedicated citizens, term limited, restricted from the perks, (privileged insurance, insider trading, fortune building PACs, etc.), freed from spending most of their time raising money, and willing to learn and work. 

 

The majority of those residents of the federal legislative class have, in the last years, failed to demonstrate they can serve the interests of a nation being caved out by industry and job losses, opioid epidemics, a middle class being squeezed, epidemic homelessness, unaffordable medicine and living standards, decisions between paying rent or buying medicine, infrastructure in deterioration, children failing to learn, being harmed by social media and algorithms, communities savaged by nature and fire being delayed in rebuilding, vital research being eliminated, or the rise of an authoritarian cult of personality that aims to bring down and destroy the federal system while practicing larceny and grand scale corruption in front of our eyes. Such a system demands Reform.  

 

Democrats and Republicans hold the blame. Newt Gingrich unleased a cancer that made it wrong to negotiate or compromise or work out a deal. What had been two centuries of horse trading, jawboning, scratching each other’s backs, politicking over poker, or at dinner parties gave us the nation that healed from civil war, extended freedom , liberty and voting rights, answered the call of two World Wars, helped build the peace, bring international stability, create a middle class, host the best universities and research in the world, create miracle medicines, put humans on the moon and lot more. 

 

The last Democrat to occupy the White House evinced perhaps the quintessential Washington “know how,” but in the bubble of power, his own sense of his self and the advice of those around him, caused him to commit the all too typical Washington sin, failure to elevate the common good, the commonweal over your own interests. 

 

I know that age and experience provide wisdom and insight, but there comes a time when another generation needs to lead. That is part of the Reform that is needed. 

 

Power does corrupt and we need a period of reform that reminds us where the power truly dwells, or should. In you and me. We hire, we fire. We need to get back to basics. 

 

It is time for a mood, an appetite and a season of reform, in government, in how we select those  who come to serve. 

 

The nation has experienced lows, and been desperate periodically over the last 250 years. Below is a brief overview of when and how periods of reform have saved us to stumble on. There are matters we need to visit again, or to draw from. 

 

 

The antebellum period, before the civil war was an age of reform. Enlightenment ideals and religious renewal empowered reformers. 

 

1820’s to 1860: 

Abolitionism sought to end slavery.

Women’s Rights were put on the agenda. The Seneca Falls Convention empowered the suffrage movement.

Temperance was a huge public movement, in response to epidemic alcoholism and the destruction of families and lives. 

Education Reform laid the foundation for free public education and to raise the education of citizens to cope with economic changes

Prison and Asylum Reform raising the idea of rehabilitation of criminals and to set up state hospitals for the mentally ill, taking them out of prisons.

 

 

Political machines, monopolistic trusts, huge economic inequality, along with the disruptions of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities threatened America in the Gilded Age  

 

1870’s to 1890’s

            Civil Service Reform ended the corruption of the spoils system, winner take all. A merit base civil service was created.

            A Populist movement demanded economic relief, agrarian reform, regulation of the railroads that essentially stole land and extorted towns, the direct election of US Senators. 

 

Government became a tool to stop the excesses of industrial capitalism, to eliminate political corruption and to widen access to the political culture. It was the Progressive Era

 

1890’s-1920’s


The cornerstone was Teddy Roosevelts trust busting, shifting the federal government from a hands-off approach to being a regulator of the economy. Breaking up monopolies, trying to protect free market competition and to prevent the uberwealthy from having outsized control and influence on politicians. The “Square Deal” prompted federal regulation and oversight, the beginning of consumer protection, food, drug and meat inspections, labor rights, trying to block anti-union corporate leadership. A department of Commerce and Labor to police working conditions. 

            Women’s Suffrage-the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote. 

            States were given the right to referendums and recalls. 

 

Franklin Roosevelt’s handling of the Great Depression brought a massive expansion of the federal government’s role in all aspects of business and life. It was the age of the New Deal

 

1930’s-1940’s

Economic-Social Security and unemployment insurance 

Labor Rights-National Labor Relations Board

His programs revolved around Relief, Recovery and Reform

            Many job creation programs were started 

            Economic Recovery and Industry programs were begun

            Finance and Banking reform, with new programs

            Housing programs were launched 

 

Faith groups, political leaders, grass roots organizations contributed to the historic Civil Rights Movement attacking systemic racial segregation and discrimination.

 

1950’s-1960’s

            The Civil Rights Act of 1964—no discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

            Voting Right Act of 1965-banned literacy tests and provided federal oversight of voter registration.

 

More recently there have been attempts to reform political campaigns and to make government more transparent. 

 

1970’s forward…

            The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), something I used as a journalist. 

The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), an attempt to stop the influence of big and dirty money in politics. 

            The Environmental Protection Agency, now in the midst of being gutted and perverted.

 

            This is by no means exhaustive in detail but it’s a snap shot to demonstrate how we periodically return to the aspirational goals and objectives that launched us and that has provided a kind of moral road map of how to make it work, fairly and honestly. 

 

            We are in a state of failure. We have our own personal behaviors and ignorance to blame. The politicians we have elected are not the cause of our illness, but they are reflective of who we are, what we value, the level to which we pay attention, what we really care about. 

            In Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar Cassius says to Brutus

                        “The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, But in our selves…”

 

            Put another way, as Pogo paraphrased Navy Commodore Perry,

                        “We have met the enemy and he is us.”

 

            


 

      See you down the trail.